2023-2028 Global and Regional Veterinary Oximeter Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version

  • Report Code : 987021
  • Pages : 159
  • Published On : Aug 2023
  • Industry : Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
  • Format :

Choose License Type

Single User License: US$ 3,500
Multi User License: US$ 5,250
Corporate User License: US$ 7,000
The global Veterinary Oximeter market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field evaluate their business approaches. Also, this report covers market segmentation by major market verdors, types, applications/end users and geography(North America, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South America).

By Market Verdors:
Nonin Medical
Heal Force
GE Healthcare
Mindray
Smiths Medical
Medtronic
Solaris Medical
Masimo
Sensoronics
Opto Circuits (India)
Contec Medical Systems
Millpledge Veterinary
Sigowill Bio Meditech
Edan Instruments
Bioseb
Promed Group
Meditech Group
Guangdong Biolight

By Types:
Hand-held Type
Table Type

By Applications:
Veterinary Hospitals
Veterinary Clinics
Others

Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2017-2028 & Sales with a thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors and comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of major market vendors.
Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2017-2028. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its sales, sales volume & revenue forecast. With detailed analysis by types and applications.
Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force Analysis: The report provides with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.
Chapter 1 Industry Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 Research Scope
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.5 Global Veterinary Oximeter Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.5.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Consumption Volume
1.5.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Value
1.5.3 Global Veterinary Oximeter Price Trends Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: Veterinary Oximeter Industry Impact
Chapter 2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries
2.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter (Volume and Value) by Type
2.1.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.1.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter (Volume and Value) by Application
2.2.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.2.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.3 Global Veterinary Oximeter (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis
3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
3.1.1 2017-2022 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
3.1.2 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
3.2.1 2017-2022 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
3.2.2 North America Market
3.2.3 East Asia Market
3.2.4 Europe Market
3.2.5 South Asia Market
3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
3.2.7 Middle East Market
3.2.8 Africa Market
3.2.9 Oceania Market
3.2.10 South America Market
3.2.11 Rest of the World Market
Chapter 4 Global Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
4.2 North America Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.3 East Asia Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.4 Europe Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.5 South Asia Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.6 Southeast Asia Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.7 Middle East Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.8 Africa Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.9 Oceania Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.10 South America Veterinary Oximeter Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Chapter 5 North America Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
5.1 North America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
5.1.1 North America Veterinary Oximeter Market Under COVID-19
5.2 North America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
5.3 North America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
5.4 North America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Top Countries
5.4.1 United States Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.2 Canada Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.3 Mexico Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 6 East Asia Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
6.1 East Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
6.1.1 East Asia Veterinary Oximeter Market Under COVID-19
6.2 East Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
6.3 East Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
6.4 East Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Top Countries
6.4.1 China Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.2 Japan Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.3 South Korea Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 7 Europe Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
7.1 Europe Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
7.1.1 Europe Veterinary Oximeter Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Europe Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
7.3 Europe Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
7.4 Europe Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Top Countries
7.4.1 Germany Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.2 UK Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.3 France Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.4 Italy Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.5 Russia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.6 Spain Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.7 Netherlands Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.8 Switzerland Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.9 Poland Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 8 South Asia Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
8.1 South Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
8.1.1 South Asia Veterinary Oximeter Market Under COVID-19
8.2 South Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
8.3 South Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
8.4 South Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Top Countries
8.4.1 India Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.2 Pakistan Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.3 Bangladesh Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 9 Southeast Asia Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
9.1 Southeast Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
9.1.1 Southeast Asia Veterinary Oximeter Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Southeast Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
9.3 Southeast Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
9.4 Southeast Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Top Countries
9.4.1 Indonesia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.2 Thailand Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.3 Singapore Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.4 Malaysia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.5 Philippines Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.6 Vietnam Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.7 Myanmar Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 10 Middle East Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
10.1 Middle East Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
10.1.1 Middle East Veterinary Oximeter Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Middle East Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
10.3 Middle East Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
10.4 Middle East Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Top Countries
10.4.1 Turkey Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.3 Iran Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.4 United Arab Emirates Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.5 Israel Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.6 Iraq Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.7 Qatar Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.8 Kuwait Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.9 Oman Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 11 Africa Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
11.1 Africa Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
11.1.1 Africa Veterinary Oximeter Market Under COVID-19
11.2 Africa Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
11.3 Africa Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
11.4 Africa Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Top Countries
11.4.1 Nigeria Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.2 South Africa Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.3 Egypt Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.4 Algeria Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.5 Morocco Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 12 Oceania Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
12.1 Oceania Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
12.2 Oceania Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
12.3 Oceania Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
12.4 Oceania Veterinary Oximeter Consumption by Top Countries
12.4.1 Australia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
12.4.2 New Zealand Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 13 South America Veterinary Oximeter Market Analysis
13.1 South America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption and Value Analysis
13.1.1 South America Veterinary Oximeter Market Under COVID-19
13.2 South America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Types
13.3 South America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Structure by Application
13.4 South America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume by Major Countries
13.4.1 Brazil Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.2 Argentina Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.3 Columbia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.4 Chile Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.5 Venezuela Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.6 Peru Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.7 Puerto Rico Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.8 Ecuador Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Veterinary Oximeter Business
14.1 Nonin Medical
14.1.1 Nonin Medical Company Profile
14.1.2 Nonin Medical Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.1.3 Nonin Medical Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.2 Heal Force
14.2.1 Heal Force Company Profile
14.2.2 Heal Force Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.2.3 Heal Force Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.3 GE Healthcare
14.3.1 GE Healthcare Company Profile
14.3.2 GE Healthcare Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.3.3 GE Healthcare Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.4 Mindray
14.4.1 Mindray Company Profile
14.4.2 Mindray Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.4.3 Mindray Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.5 Smiths Medical
14.5.1 Smiths Medical Company Profile
14.5.2 Smiths Medical Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.5.3 Smiths Medical Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.6 Medtronic
14.6.1 Medtronic Company Profile
14.6.2 Medtronic Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.6.3 Medtronic Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.7 Solaris Medical
14.7.1 Solaris Medical Company Profile
14.7.2 Solaris Medical Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.7.3 Solaris Medical Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.8 Masimo
14.8.1 Masimo Company Profile
14.8.2 Masimo Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.8.3 Masimo Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.9 Sensoronics
14.9.1 Sensoronics Company Profile
14.9.2 Sensoronics Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.9.3 Sensoronics Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.10 Opto Circuits (India)
14.10.1 Opto Circuits (India) Company Profile
14.10.2 Opto Circuits (India) Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.10.3 Opto Circuits (India) Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.11 Contec Medical Systems
14.11.1 Contec Medical Systems Company Profile
14.11.2 Contec Medical Systems Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.11.3 Contec Medical Systems Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.12 Millpledge Veterinary
14.12.1 Millpledge Veterinary Company Profile
14.12.2 Millpledge Veterinary Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.12.3 Millpledge Veterinary Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.13 Sigowill Bio Meditech
14.13.1 Sigowill Bio Meditech Company Profile
14.13.2 Sigowill Bio Meditech Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.13.3 Sigowill Bio Meditech Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.14 Edan Instruments
14.14.1 Edan Instruments Company Profile
14.14.2 Edan Instruments Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.14.3 Edan Instruments Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.15 Bioseb
14.15.1 Bioseb Company Profile
14.15.2 Bioseb Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.15.3 Bioseb Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.16 Promed Group
14.16.1 Promed Group Company Profile
14.16.2 Promed Group Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.16.3 Promed Group Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.17 Meditech Group
14.17.1 Meditech Group Company Profile
14.17.2 Meditech Group Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.17.3 Meditech Group Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.18 Guangdong Biolight
14.18.1 Guangdong Biolight Company Profile
14.18.2 Guangdong Biolight Veterinary Oximeter Product Specification
14.18.3 Guangdong Biolight Veterinary Oximeter Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Chapter 15 Global Veterinary Oximeter Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
15.2.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.3 North America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.4 East Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.5 Europe Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.6 South Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.7 Southeast Asia Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.8 Middle East Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.9 Africa Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.10 Oceania Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.11 South America Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.3 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.1 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.2 Global Veterinary Oximeter Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.3 Global Veterinary Oximeter Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.4 Global Veterinary Oximeter Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
15.5 Veterinary Oximeter Market Forecast Under COVID-19
Chapter 16 Conclusions
Research Methodology

Industry Supervision Big Data Service Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Industry Supervision Big Data Service Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscap...

Industry Standards Management System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Industry Standards Management System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape...

Flight Status Information Flight System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Flight Status Information Flight System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landsc...

Professional Employer Organization Service Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Employer Organization Service Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive lan...

Professional Catering Solutions For Corporations Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Catering Solutions For Corporations Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competiti...

Professional Graphic Design Production Services Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Graphic Design Production Services Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitiv...

Professional Clinical Training And Education Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Clinical Training And Education Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive l...

Residential Refurbishment Industry Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Residential Refurbishment Industry Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, ...

Industry-Focused Low-Code Solutions Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Industry-Focused Low-Code Solutions Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape,...

Professional Intercom Technology Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Intercom Technology Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, ma...