2023-2028 Global and Regional Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version

  • Report Code : 1002564
  • Pages : 165
  • Published On : Sep 2023
  • Industry : Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
  • Format :

Choose License Type

Single User License: US$ 3,500
Multi User License: US$ 5,250
Corporate User License: US$ 7,000
The global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field evaluate their business approaches. Also, this report covers market segmentation by major market verdors, types, applications/end users and geography(North America, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South America).

By Market Verdors:
Sanofi Aventis
Valeant Pharmaceuticals
Allergan

By Types:
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

By Applications:
Hospitals
Ambulatory Surgical Centers
Others

Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2017-2028 & Sales with a thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors and comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of major market vendors.
Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2017-2028. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its sales, sales volume & revenue forecast. With detailed analysis by types and applications.
Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force Analysis: The report provides with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.
Chapter 1 Industry Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 Research Scope
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.5 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.5.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Consumption Volume
1.5.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Value
1.5.3 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Price Trends Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Industry Impact
Chapter 2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries
2.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics (Volume and Value) by Type
2.1.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.1.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics (Volume and Value) by Application
2.2.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.2.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.3 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis
3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
3.1.1 2017-2022 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
3.1.2 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
3.2.1 2017-2022 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
3.2.2 North America Market
3.2.3 East Asia Market
3.2.4 Europe Market
3.2.5 South Asia Market
3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
3.2.7 Middle East Market
3.2.8 Africa Market
3.2.9 Oceania Market
3.2.10 South America Market
3.2.11 Rest of the World Market
Chapter 4 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
4.2 North America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.3 East Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.4 Europe Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.5 South Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.6 Southeast Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.7 Middle East Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.8 Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.9 Oceania Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.10 South America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Chapter 5 North America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
5.1 North America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
5.1.1 North America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Under COVID-19
5.2 North America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
5.3 North America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
5.4 North America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Top Countries
5.4.1 United States Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.2 Canada Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.3 Mexico Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 6 East Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
6.1 East Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
6.1.1 East Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Under COVID-19
6.2 East Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
6.3 East Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
6.4 East Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Top Countries
6.4.1 China Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.2 Japan Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.3 South Korea Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 7 Europe Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
7.1 Europe Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
7.1.1 Europe Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Europe Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
7.3 Europe Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
7.4 Europe Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Top Countries
7.4.1 Germany Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.2 UK Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.3 France Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.4 Italy Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.5 Russia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.6 Spain Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.7 Netherlands Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.8 Switzerland Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.9 Poland Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 8 South Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
8.1 South Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
8.1.1 South Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Under COVID-19
8.2 South Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
8.3 South Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
8.4 South Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Top Countries
8.4.1 India Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.2 Pakistan Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.3 Bangladesh Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 9 Southeast Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
9.1 Southeast Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
9.1.1 Southeast Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Southeast Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
9.3 Southeast Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
9.4 Southeast Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Top Countries
9.4.1 Indonesia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.2 Thailand Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.3 Singapore Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.4 Malaysia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.5 Philippines Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.6 Vietnam Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.7 Myanmar Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 10 Middle East Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
10.1 Middle East Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
10.1.1 Middle East Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Middle East Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
10.3 Middle East Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
10.4 Middle East Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Top Countries
10.4.1 Turkey Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.3 Iran Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.4 United Arab Emirates Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.5 Israel Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.6 Iraq Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.7 Qatar Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.8 Kuwait Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.9 Oman Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 11 Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
11.1 Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
11.1.1 Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Under COVID-19
11.2 Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
11.3 Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
11.4 Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Top Countries
11.4.1 Nigeria Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.2 South Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.3 Egypt Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.4 Algeria Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.5 Morocco Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 12 Oceania Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
12.1 Oceania Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
12.2 Oceania Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
12.3 Oceania Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
12.4 Oceania Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption by Top Countries
12.4.1 Australia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
12.4.2 New Zealand Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 13 South America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Analysis
13.1 South America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption and Value Analysis
13.1.1 South America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Under COVID-19
13.2 South America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Types
13.3 South America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Structure by Application
13.4 South America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume by Major Countries
13.4.1 Brazil Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.2 Argentina Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.3 Columbia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.4 Chile Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.5 Venezuela Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.6 Peru Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.7 Puerto Rico Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.8 Ecuador Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Business
14.1 Sanofi Aventis
14.1.1 Sanofi Aventis Company Profile
14.1.2 Sanofi Aventis Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Product Specification
14.1.3 Sanofi Aventis Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.2 Valeant Pharmaceuticals
14.2.1 Valeant Pharmaceuticals Company Profile
14.2.2 Valeant Pharmaceuticals Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Product Specification
14.2.3 Valeant Pharmaceuticals Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.3 Allergan
14.3.1 Allergan Company Profile
14.3.2 Allergan Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Product Specification
14.3.3 Allergan Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Chapter 15 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
15.2.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.3 North America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.4 East Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.5 Europe Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.6 South Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.7 Southeast Asia Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.8 Middle East Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.9 Africa Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.10 Oceania Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.11 South America Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.3 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.1 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.2 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.3 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.4 Global Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
15.5 Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutics Market Forecast Under COVID-19
Chapter 16 Conclusions
Research Methodology

Cold Chain Industry Digital Platform Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Cold Chain Industry Digital Platform Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape...

Industry Supervision Big Data Service Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Industry Supervision Big Data Service Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscap...

Palm Vein Recognition Technology Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Palm Vein Recognition Technology Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape, ma...

Asia Pacific Nuclear Medicine Market Size, Share, Trends & Analysis by Product (Diagnostics (SPECT, PET), Therapeutics (Alpha Emitters, Beta Emitters)), by Application (Neurology, Cardiology, Oncology, Others), by End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Diagnostic Centers, Others) and Region, with Forecasts from 2024 to 2034....

Market Overview The Asia Pacific Nuclear Medicine Market is poised for significant growth from 2024 to 2034, driven by advancements in nuclear imaging technologies, increased application in various medical fields, and rising healthcare investments across the region. The market is expect...

Europe Nuclear Medicine Market Size, Share, Trends & Analysis by Product (Diagnostics (SPECT, PET), Therapeutics (Alpha Emitters, Beta Emitters)), by Application (Neurology, Cardiology, Oncology, Others), by End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Diagnostic Centers, Others) and Region, with Forecasts from 2024 to 2034....

Market Overview The Europe Nuclear Medicine Market is expected to witness substantial growth from 2024 to 2034, driven by advancements in nuclear imaging technology, increasing demand for early and accurate diagnosis, and the growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer and car...

North America Nuclear Medicine Market Size, Share, Trends & Analysis by Product (Diagnostics (SPECT, PET), Therapeutics (Alpha Emitters, Beta Emitters)), by Application (Neurology, Cardiology, Oncology, Others), by End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Diagnostic Centers, Others) and Region, with Forecasts from 2024 to 2034....

Market Overview The North America Nuclear Medicine Market is poised for substantial growth between 2024 and 2034, driven by advancements in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications, rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and increasing adoption of nuclear medicine techniques. The...

Global Nuclear Medicine Market Size, Share, Trends & Analysis by Product (Diagnostics (SPECT, PET), Therapeutics (Alpha Emitters, Beta Emitters)), by Application (Neurology, Cardiology, Oncology, Others), by End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Diagnostic Centers, Others) and Region, with Forecasts from 2024 to 2034....

Market Overview The Global Nuclear Medicine Market is projected to experience significant growth from 2024 to 2034, driven by technological advancements in diagnostic imaging and the increasing demand for targeted radiopharmaceutical therapies. Valued at USD XX.XX billion in 2024, the m...

Industry Standards Management System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Industry Standards Management System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape...

Flight Status Information Flight System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Flight Status Information Flight System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landsc...

Professional Employer Organization Service Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forecasts (2024-2031)...

The Professional Employer Organization Service Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive lan...