Sales Support:
sales@worldwidemarketreports.com
U.S. :+1 415 871 0703
U.K. :+44-203-289-4040
AUS. : +61-2-4786-0457
INDIA :+91-848-285-0837
Menu Icon Close Icon

2023-2028 Global and Regional PVC Plasticizer Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version

  • Report Code : 994690
  • Industry : Chemicals and Materials
  • Published On : Sep 2023
  • Pages : 162
  • Publisher : HNY Research
  • Format: WMR PPT FormatWMR PDF Format

Impact Analysis of Covid-19

The complete version of the Report will include the impact of the COVID-19, and anticipated change on the future outlook of the industry, by taking into the account the political, economic, social, and technological parameters.

The global PVC Plasticizer market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field evaluate their business approaches. Also, this report covers market segmentation by major market verdors, types, applications/end users and geography(North America, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South America).

By Market Verdors:
Proviron
Eastman
DuPont
BASF
DIC Corporation
CCC Corporate
ExxonMobil
Nan Ya Plastics Corportation
Chromaflo Technologies

By Types:
Non-Phthalate Plasticizer
With Phthalates

By Applications:
Construction Materials
Commodities
Tubular Products
Wire and cable
Packaging
Other

Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2017-2028 & Sales with a thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors and comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of major market vendors.
Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2017-2028. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its sales, sales volume & revenue forecast. With detailed analysis by types and applications.
Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force Analysis: The report provides with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.

Chapter 1 Industry Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 Research Scope
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.5 Global PVC Plasticizer Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.5.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Consumption Volume
1.5.2 Global PVC Plasticizer Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Value
1.5.3 Global PVC Plasticizer Price Trends Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: PVC Plasticizer Industry Impact
Chapter 2 Global PVC Plasticizer Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries
2.1 Global PVC Plasticizer (Volume and Value) by Type
2.1.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.1.2 Global PVC Plasticizer Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.2 Global PVC Plasticizer (Volume and Value) by Application
2.2.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.2.2 Global PVC Plasticizer Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.3 Global PVC Plasticizer (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global PVC Plasticizer Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis
3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
3.1.1 2017-2022 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
3.1.2 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
3.2.1 2017-2022 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
3.2.2 North America Market
3.2.3 East Asia Market
3.2.4 Europe Market
3.2.5 South Asia Market
3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
3.2.7 Middle East Market
3.2.8 Africa Market
3.2.9 Oceania Market
3.2.10 South America Market
3.2.11 Rest of the World Market
Chapter 4 Global PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
4.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
4.2 North America PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.3 East Asia PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.4 Europe PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.5 South Asia PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.6 Southeast Asia PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.7 Middle East PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.8 Africa PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.9 Oceania PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.10 South America PVC Plasticizer Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Chapter 5 North America PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
5.1 North America PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
5.1.1 North America PVC Plasticizer Market Under COVID-19
5.2 North America PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
5.3 North America PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
5.4 North America PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Top Countries
5.4.1 United States PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.2 Canada PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.3 Mexico PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 6 East Asia PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
6.1 East Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
6.1.1 East Asia PVC Plasticizer Market Under COVID-19
6.2 East Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
6.3 East Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
6.4 East Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Top Countries
6.4.1 China PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.2 Japan PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.3 South Korea PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 7 Europe PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
7.1 Europe PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
7.1.1 Europe PVC Plasticizer Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Europe PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
7.3 Europe PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
7.4 Europe PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Top Countries
7.4.1 Germany PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.2 UK PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.3 France PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.4 Italy PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.5 Russia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.6 Spain PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.7 Netherlands PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.8 Switzerland PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.9 Poland PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 8 South Asia PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
8.1 South Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
8.1.1 South Asia PVC Plasticizer Market Under COVID-19
8.2 South Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
8.3 South Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
8.4 South Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Top Countries
8.4.1 India PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.2 Pakistan PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.3 Bangladesh PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 9 Southeast Asia PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
9.1 Southeast Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
9.1.1 Southeast Asia PVC Plasticizer Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Southeast Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
9.3 Southeast Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
9.4 Southeast Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Top Countries
9.4.1 Indonesia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.2 Thailand PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.3 Singapore PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.4 Malaysia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.5 Philippines PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.6 Vietnam PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.7 Myanmar PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 10 Middle East PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
10.1 Middle East PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
10.1.1 Middle East PVC Plasticizer Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Middle East PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
10.3 Middle East PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
10.4 Middle East PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Top Countries
10.4.1 Turkey PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.3 Iran PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.4 United Arab Emirates PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.5 Israel PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.6 Iraq PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.7 Qatar PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.8 Kuwait PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.9 Oman PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 11 Africa PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
11.1 Africa PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
11.1.1 Africa PVC Plasticizer Market Under COVID-19
11.2 Africa PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
11.3 Africa PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
11.4 Africa PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Top Countries
11.4.1 Nigeria PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.2 South Africa PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.3 Egypt PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.4 Algeria PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.5 Morocco PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 12 Oceania PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
12.1 Oceania PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
12.2 Oceania PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
12.3 Oceania PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
12.4 Oceania PVC Plasticizer Consumption by Top Countries
12.4.1 Australia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
12.4.2 New Zealand PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 13 South America PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis
13.1 South America PVC Plasticizer Consumption and Value Analysis
13.1.1 South America PVC Plasticizer Market Under COVID-19
13.2 South America PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Types
13.3 South America PVC Plasticizer Consumption Structure by Application
13.4 South America PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume by Major Countries
13.4.1 Brazil PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.2 Argentina PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.3 Columbia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.4 Chile PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.5 Venezuela PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.6 Peru PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.7 Puerto Rico PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.8 Ecuador PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in PVC Plasticizer Business
14.1 Proviron
14.1.1 Proviron Company Profile
14.1.2 Proviron PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.1.3 Proviron PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.2 Eastman
14.2.1 Eastman Company Profile
14.2.2 Eastman PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.2.3 Eastman PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.3 DuPont
14.3.1 DuPont Company Profile
14.3.2 DuPont PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.3.3 DuPont PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.4 BASF
14.4.1 BASF Company Profile
14.4.2 BASF PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.4.3 BASF PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.5 DIC Corporation
14.5.1 DIC Corporation Company Profile
14.5.2 DIC Corporation PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.5.3 DIC Corporation PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.6 CCC Corporate
14.6.1 CCC Corporate Company Profile
14.6.2 CCC Corporate PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.6.3 CCC Corporate PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.7 ExxonMobil
14.7.1 ExxonMobil Company Profile
14.7.2 ExxonMobil PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.7.3 ExxonMobil PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.8 Nan Ya Plastics Corportation
14.8.1 Nan Ya Plastics Corportation Company Profile
14.8.2 Nan Ya Plastics Corportation PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.8.3 Nan Ya Plastics Corportation PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.9 Chromaflo Technologies
14.9.1 Chromaflo Technologies Company Profile
14.9.2 Chromaflo Technologies PVC Plasticizer Product Specification
14.9.3 Chromaflo Technologies PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Chapter 15 Global PVC Plasticizer Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.2 Global PVC Plasticizer Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
15.2.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.2 Global PVC Plasticizer Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.3 North America PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.4 East Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.5 Europe PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.6 South Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.7 Southeast Asia PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.8 Middle East PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.9 Africa PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.10 Oceania PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.11 South America PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.3 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.1 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.2 Global PVC Plasticizer Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.3 Global PVC Plasticizer Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.4 Global PVC Plasticizer Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
15.5 PVC Plasticizer Market Forecast Under COVID-19
Chapter 16 Conclusions
Research Methodology

Choose License Type

Happy To Assist You

Contact Images

We will be happy to help you find what you need. Please call us or write to us:

Frequently Asked Questions

This report incorporates the analysis of factors that augments the market growth. Report presents competitive landscape of the global market. This also provides the scope of different segments and applications that can potentially influence the market in the future. The analysis is based on current market trends and historic growth data. It includes detailed market segmentation, regional analysis, and competitive landscape of the industry.
The report efficiently evaluates the current market size and provides industry forecast. The market was valued at xxx Million US$ in 2019, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2027.
The report efficiently evaluates the current market size and provides forecast for the industry in terms of Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (thousand ton / metric ton / cubic meter).
Market is segmented by:
  • Product Types
  • Applications
  • Technology
  • End-use Industries
  • Distribution channel
  • Regions
The report share key insights on the following:
  • Current market size
  • Market forecast
  • Market opportunities
  • Key drivers and restraints
  • Regulatory scenario
  • Industry trend
  • Pestle analysis
  • Porter’s analysis
  • New product approvals/launch
  • Promotion and marketing initiatives
  • Pricing analysis
  • Export-import analysis
  • Trade analysis
  • Competitive landscape
It helps the businesses in making investments decisions.
Customization helps the organization to gain insight on specific segments and regions of interest. Thus, WMR offers tailored report information based on business requirement in order to take strategic calls.

Related Reports

Education Industry Security Management System Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends ...
View More
Sustainable Energy Solutions For Education Industry Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth T...
View More
Intelligent Energy Management System (EMS) For Industry Market Size And Share Analysis - Grow...
View More
Cold Chain Industry Digital Platform Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Forec...
View More
Industry Supervision Big Data Service Market Size And Share Analysis - Growth Trends And Fore...
View More

Trusted Clients
A-T- Kearney.png
AbbVie.png
Agrinos.png
AIF-Metrics.png
Akzo-Nobel.jpg
Alfi-GMBH.png
Allergan.png
Almasra-Scientific-Bureau.jpg
ALPMA.jpg
Americana-Foods.png
ANP.png
Aptar-Group-Germany.jpg
asahi-kasei.png
ATC.png
atlas-servair.jpg
ATOS.png
Avalon.png
biofishency.png
biomx.png
borealisgroup.png
Cape-Peninsula.png
CBRE.png
Cennerv-Pharma.jpg
Clearponds.png
Compass-Group.png
Cortag-Industria.png
Covis-Pharma.jpg
DAIMLER-AG.jpg
Edipresse-Media.jpg
Epson.png
Evonik-Industries-AG.png
ExcelSource.png
Fingo.png
Firstkind.png
FLM-Foodingredients.png
Freudenberg.png
Fueltrax.jpg
Fugro-International.png
Fuji-Films.png
Funky-Sound-Studio.png
GALTWAY.png
Gartner.png
GBSC.png
Global-Information.jpg
Hanwha-Total-Petrochemical.png
Hebrew.png
Horiba-Mira.png
Hunter-and-Co-Investments.png
Hyosung.png
Hyssopus-Organics.jpg
IBSA.png
Ideagen.png
IMS.png
InSinkErator.png
Intas-Pharma.png
IntelMed-Sarl.png
Interdiligence-Consulting.png
Israel-Shopyards.png
Johnsons-Controls.png
kakaxi.jpg
KORDSA.png
kotra.png
KPMG.png
lantmannen.png
LEK.png
LG.jpg
Makuri-Technology.jpg
Mallinckrodt.png
Mappo.png
Maprimed.jpg
mcns.jpg
MED-EL.png
Mehr-Azin-Pouya-Sahand.png
Molkerei-Ammerland-eG.png
Monty-Holding.jpg
mpmaterials.png
Mundipharma.png
Nasco.png
Nitto.png
Nouryon.png
NOXTAK.png
Oskars.png
Paidotribo.png
Parnell-Pharmaceuticals.png
Podravka.png
ppg.png
Privi.png
Publicis Groupe.png
Qvetech.jpg
R3P.jpg
Samsung.png
Sapient.png
SEW-EURODRIVE.png
Shivananda.jpg
Silver-Clouds.png
SMIT.jpg
SOLVIAS.png
Spectrum.png
SR-Instruments-Oy.png
Star-Seed.png
Stryker -ENT.png
Synjenta.png
Terumo-Corp.png
TherOzone.png
Toshiba.png
TT-Electronics.png
umbc.edu.png
Vard.jpg
Vital-Xense.png
Walraven.png
Wlgore.png
Woodmac.png
WWF-UK.png
ZENOAQ.png
Zuellig-Pharma.png
Contact us

sales@worldwidemarketreports.com

mapicon
Sales Office (U.S.):
Worldwide Market Reports, 533 Airport Boulevard, Suite 400, Burlingame, CA 94010, United States

mapicon+1-415-871-0703

mapicon
Asia Pacific Intelligence Center (India):
Worldwide Market Reports, 403, 4th Floor, Bremen Business Center, Aundh, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.

phoneiconU.S. : +1 415 871 0703

phoneiconU.K. : +44-203-289-4040

phoneiconAUS. :+61-2-4786-0457

phoneiconIndia :+91-848-285-0837

Menu
Quick Links
Newsletter

Want us to send you latest updates of the current trends, insights, and more, signup to our newsletter (for alerts, special offers, and discounts).


Secure Payment By:
paymenticon

This website is secured Origin CA certificate on the server, Comodo, Firewall and Verified Sitelock Malware Protection

secureimg

© 2024 Worldwide Market Reports. All Rights Reserved