Snapshot
The global Oleochemicals market size is estimated at xxx million USD with a CAGR xx% from 2016-2020 and is expected to reach xxx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR xx% from 2021 to 2026. The report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure, and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Oleochemicals by product, region and application, in addition, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.
Product Type Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Major Company of Product Type etc.):
Fatty acid
Fatty alcohol
Glycerin
Others
Company Coverage (Company Profile, Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products etc.):
Wilmar International
BASF
Eastman Chemical
P&G Chemicals
Cargill Incorporated
Evonik Industries
Godrej Industries
PTT Global Chemical
Kraton Corporation
Emery Oleochemicals
Alnor Oil
Berg + Schmidt
IsoSciences
Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company
MYRIANT
Application Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Different Demand Market by Region, Main Consumer Profile etc.):
Pharmaceutical & Personal care
Food & Beverages
Soaps & Detergents
Polymers
Others
Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
South America (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table of Contents
1 Industry Overview
1.1 Oleochemicals Industry
Figure Oleochemicals Industry Chain Structure
1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Development of Oleochemicals
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 Upstream
Table Upstream Segment of Oleochemicals
1.2.2 Downstream
Table Application Segment of Oleochemicals
Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2026, by Application, in USD Million
1.2.3 COVID-19 Impact
1.3 Cost Analysis
2 Industry Environment (PEST Analysis)
2.1 Policy
2.2 Economics
2.3 Sociology
2.4 Technology
3 Oleochemicals Market by Type
3.1 By Type
3.1.1 Fatty acid
Table Major Company List of Fatty acid
3.1.2 Fatty alcohol
Table Major Company List of Fatty alcohol
3.1.3 Glycerin
Table Major Company List of Glycerin
3.1.4 Others
Table Major Company List of Others
3.2 Market Size
Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Figure Global Oleochemicals Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
Figure Global Oleochemicals Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
3.3 Market Forecast
Table Global Oleochemicals Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Oleochemicals Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in Volume
4 Major Companies List
4.1 Wilmar International (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.1.1 Wilmar International Profile
Table Wilmar International Overview List
4.1.2 Wilmar International Products & Services
4.1.3 Wilmar International Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Wilmar International (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.2 BASF (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.2.1 BASF Profile
Table BASF Overview List
4.2.2 BASF Products & Services
4.2.3 BASF Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of BASF (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.3 Eastman Chemical (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.3.1 Eastman Chemical Profile
Table Eastman Chemical Overview List
4.3.2 Eastman Chemical Products & Services
4.3.3 Eastman Chemical Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Eastman Chemical (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.4 P&G Chemicals (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.4.1 P&G Chemicals Profile
Table P&G Chemicals Overview List
4.4.2 P&G Chemicals Products & Services
4.4.3 P&G Chemicals Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of P&G Chemicals (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.5 Cargill Incorporated (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.5.1 Cargill Incorporated Profile
Table Cargill Incorporated Overview List
4.5.2 Cargill Incorporated Products & Services
4.5.3 Cargill Incorporated Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Cargill Incorporated (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.6 Evonik Industries (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.6.1 Evonik Industries Profile
Table Evonik Industries Overview List
4.6.2 Evonik Industries Products & Services
4.6.3 Evonik Industries Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Evonik Industries (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.7 Godrej Industries (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.7.1 Godrej Industries Profile
Table Godrej Industries Overview List
4.7.2 Godrej Industries Products & Services
4.7.3 Godrej Industries Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Godrej Industries (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.8 PTT Global Chemical (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.8.1 PTT Global Chemical Profile
Table PTT Global Chemical Overview List
4.8.2 PTT Global Chemical Products & Services
4.8.3 PTT Global Chemical Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of PTT Global Chemical (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.9 Kraton Corporation (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.9.1 Kraton Corporation Profile
Table Kraton Corporation Overview List
4.9.2 Kraton Corporation Products & Services
4.9.3 Kraton Corporation Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Kraton Corporation (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.10 Emery Oleochemicals (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.10.1 Emery Oleochemicals Profile
Table Emery Oleochemicals Overview List
4.10.2 Emery Oleochemicals Products & Services
4.10.3 Emery Oleochemicals Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Emery Oleochemicals (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.11 Alnor Oil (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.11.1 Alnor Oil Profile
Table Alnor Oil Overview List
4.11.2 Alnor Oil Products & Services
4.11.3 Alnor Oil Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Alnor Oil (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.12 Berg + Schmidt (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.12.1 Berg + Schmidt Profile
Table Berg + Schmidt Overview List
4.12.2 Berg + Schmidt Products & Services
4.12.3 Berg + Schmidt Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Berg + Schmidt (Sales Revenue, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.13 IsoSciences (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.13.1 IsoSciences Profile
Table IsoSciences Overview List
4.13.2 IsoSciences Products & Services
4.13.3 IsoSciences Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of IsoSciences (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.14 Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.14.1 Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company Profile
Table Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company Overview List
4.14.2 Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company Products & Services
4.14.3 Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company (Sales Revenue, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.15 MYRIANT (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.15.1 MYRIANT Profile
Table MYRIANT Overview List
4.15.2 MYRIANT Products & Services
4.15.3 MYRIANT Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of MYRIANT (Sales Revenue, Cost, Gross Margin)
5 Market Competition
5.1 Company Competition
Table Global Oleochemicals Sales Revenue 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Oleochemicals Sales Revenue Share 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Figure Global Oleochemicals Sales Revenue Share in 2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Oleochemicals Sales Volume 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Table Global Oleochemicals Sales Volume Share 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Figure Global Oleochemicals Sales Volume Share in 2020, by Company, in Volume
5.2 Regional Market by Company
Figure North America Oleochemicals Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Europe Oleochemicals Market Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals MMarket Concentration, in 2020
Figure South America Oleochemicals Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Concentration, in 2020
6 Demand by End Market
6.1 Demand Situation
6.1.1 Demand in Pharmaceutical & Personal care
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Pharmaceutical & Personal care, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Pharmaceutical & Personal care, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.2 Demand in Food & Beverages
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Food & Beverages, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Food & Beverages, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.3 Demand in Soaps & Detergents
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Soaps & Detergents, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Soaps & Detergents, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.4 Demand in Polymers
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Polymers, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Polymers, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.5 Demand in Others
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2 Regional Demand Comparison
Table Regional Demand Comparison List
Table Major Application in Different Regions
6.3 Demand Forecast
Table Oleochemicals Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Oleochemicals Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Oleochemicals Market Share in 2026, by Application, in USD Million
Table Oleochemicals Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Oleochemicals Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Oleochemicals Market Share in 2026, by Application, in Volume
6.4 Impact of the COVID-19 on the Demand
7 Region Operation
7.1 Regional Production
Table Oleochemicals Production 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Oleochemicals Production 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.2 Regional Market
Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Oleochemicals Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
Table Global Oleochemicals Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.3 by Region
7.3.1 North America
7.3.1.1 Overview
Figure North America Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure North America Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.1.2 by Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Table North America Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table North America Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.2 Europe
7.3.2.1 Overview
Figure Europe Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Europe Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.2.2 by Country (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Table Europe Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Europe Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.3 Asia-Pacific
7.3.3.1 Overview
Figure Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.3.2 by Country (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
Table Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.4 South America
7.3.4.1 Overview
Figure South America Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure South America Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.4.2 by Country (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Table South America Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table South America Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.5 Middle East & Africa
7.3.5.1 Overview
Figure Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.5.2 by Country (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.4 Regional Import & Export
7.5 Regional Forecast
Table Oleochemicals Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in USD Million
Table Oleochemicals Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in Volume
8 Marketing & Price
8.1 Price and Margin
8.1.1 Price Trends
8.1.2 Factors of Price Change
Table Price Factors List
8.1.3 Manufacturers Gross Margin Analysis
8.2 Marketing Channel
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
9 Research Conclusion
List of Table
1. Table Upstream Segment of Oleochemicals
2. Table Application Segment of Oleochemicals
3. Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2026, by Application, in USD Million
4. Table Major Company List of Fatty alcohol
5. Table Major Company List of Glycerin
6. Table Major Company List of Others
7. Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
8. Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
9. Table Global Oleochemicals Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in USD Million
10. Table Global Oleochemicals Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in Volume
11. Table Wilmar International Overview List
12. Table Business Operation of Wilmar International (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
13. Table BASF Overview List
14. Table Business Operation of BASF (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
15. Table Eastman Chemical Overview List
16. Table Business Operation of Eastman Chemical (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
17. Table P&G Chemicals Overview List
18. Table Business Operation of P&G Chemicals (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
19. Table Cargill Incorporated Overview List
20. Table Business Operation of Cargill Incorporated (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
21. Table Evonik Industries Overview List
22. Table Business Operation of Evonik Industries (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
23. Table Godrej Industries Overview List
24. Table Business Operation of Godrej Industries (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
25. Table PTT Global Chemical Overview List
26. Table Business Operation of PTT Global Chemical (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
27. Table Kraton Corporation Overview List
28. Table Business Operation of Kraton Corporation (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
29. Table Emery Oleochemicals Overview List
30. Table Business Operation of Emery Oleochemicals (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
31. Table Alnor Oil Overview List
32. Table Business Operation of Alnor Oil (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
33. Table Berg + Schmidt Overview List
34. Table Business Operation of Berg + Schmidt (Sales Revenue, Cost, Gross Margin)
35. Table IsoSciences Overview List
36. Table Business Operation of IsoSciences (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
37. Table Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company Overview List
38. Table Business Operation of Vegetable Vitamin Foods Company (Sales Revenue, Cost, Gross Margin)
39. Table MYRIANT Overview List
40. Table Business Operation of MYRIANT (Sales Revenue, Cost, Gross Margin)
41. Table Global Oleochemicals Sales Revenue 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
42. Table Global Oleochemicals Sales Revenue Share 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
43. Table Global Oleochemicals Sales Volume 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
44. Table Global Oleochemicals Sales Volume Share 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
45. Table Regional Demand Comparison List
46. Table Major Application in Different Regions
47. Table Oleochemicals Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
48. Table Oleochemicals Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
49. Table Oleochemicals Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
50. Table Oleochemicals Market Share in 2026, by Application, in Volume
51. Table Oleochemicals Production 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
52. Table Oleochemicals Production 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
53. Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
54. Table Global Oleochemicals Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
55. Table Global Oleochemicals Market 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
56. Table Global Oleochemicals Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
57. Table North America Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
58. Table North America Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
59. Table Europe Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
60. Table Europe Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
61. Table Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
62. Table Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
63. Table South America Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
64. Table South America Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
65. Table Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
66. Table Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
67. Table Oleochemicals Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in USD Million
68. Table Oleochemicals Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in Volume
69. Table Price Factors List
List of Figure
1. Figure Oleochemicals Industry Chain Structure
2. Figure Global Oleochemicals Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
3. Figure Global Oleochemicals Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
4. Figure Global Oleochemicals Sales Revenue Share in 2020, by Company, in USD Million
5. Figure Global Oleochemicals Sales Volume Share in 2020, by Company, in Volume
6. Figure North America Oleochemicals Market Concentration, in 2020
7. Figure Europe Oleochemicals Market Market Concentration, in 2020
8. Figure Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals MMarket Concentration, in 2020
9. Figure South America Oleochemicals Market Concentration, in 2020
10. Figure Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Concentration, in 2020
11. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Pharmaceutical & Personal care, 2016-2020, in USD Million
12. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Pharmaceutical & Personal care, 2016-2020, in Volume
13. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Food & Beverages, 2016-2020, in USD Million
14. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Food & Beverages, 2016-2020, in Volume
15. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Soaps & Detergents, 2016-2020, in USD Million
16. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Soaps & Detergents, 2016-2020, in Volume
17. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Polymers, 2016-2020, in USD Million
18. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Polymers, 2016-2020, in Volume
19. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Others, 2016-2020, in USD Million
20. Figure Oleochemicals Demand in Others, 2016-2020, in Volume
21. Figure Oleochemicals Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
22. Figure Oleochemicals Market Share in 2026, by Application, in USD Million
23. Figure North America Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
24. Figure North America Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
25. Figure Europe Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
26. Figure Europe Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
27. Figure Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
28. Figure Asia-Pacific Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
29. Figure South America Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
30. Figure South America Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
31. Figure Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
32. Figure Middle East & Africa Oleochemicals Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
33. Figure Marketing Channels Overview
Overview of the Global Specialty Oleochemicals Market:The report discusses everything a marketer requires before investing in the global Specialty Oleochemicals Market during the forecast period 2023-2030. It provides detailed insight into current trends, market shares, ma...
The global Specialty Oleochemicals market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in t...
Oleochemicals are chemical compounds derived from natural fats and oils that can be used as raw materials or as supplemental materials in a variety of industries. These chemicals are used in a wide range of industries including personal care, cosmetics, coatings, adhesives, elastomers and sealants, ...
The research team projects that the Specialty Oleochemicals market size will grow from XXX in 2020 to XXX by 2027, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2020, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2027.
The prime objective of this report is to help th...
The research team projects that the Oleochemicals market size will grow from XXX in 2020 to XXX by 2027, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2020, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2027.
The prime objective of this report is to help the user und...
Summary
HeyReport estimates that the Oleochemicals market size will grow from xxx Million USD in 2020 to xxxx Million USD by 2025, and with a CAGR of xx%. The base year considered for this report is 2019, and the market forecast is projected from 2021 to 2025.
In this repor...
Snapshot
The global Oleochemicals market size is estimated at xxx million USD with a CAGR xx% from 2016-2020 and is expected to reach xxx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR xx% from 2021 to 2026. The report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure, and describes industry environmen...
Summary
HeyReport estimates that the Oleochemicals market size will grow from xxx Million USD in 2020 to xxxx Million USD by 2025, and with a CAGR of xx%. The base year considered for this report is 2019, and the market forecast is projected from 2021 to 2025.
In this repor...
The research team projects that the Oleochemicals market size will grow from XXX in 2019 to XXX by 2026, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2019, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2026.
The prime objective of this report is to help the user...
Summary
The report forecast global Oleochemicals market to grow to reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2025 due to coronavirus situation.
The report offers detailed coverage of Oleochemicals industry and main market trends with impact of ...