The research team projects that the Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds market size will grow from XXX in 2019 to XXX by 2026, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2019, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2026.

The prime objective of this report is to help the user understand the market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends, and the challenges that the market is facing with 10 major regions and 30 major countries. Deep researches and analysis were done during the preparation of the report. The readers will find this report very helpful in understanding the market in depth. The data and the information regarding the market are taken from reliable sources such as websites, annual reports of the companies, journals, and others and were checked and validated by the industry experts. The facts and data are represented in the report using diagrams, graphs, pie charts, and other pictorial representations. This enhances the visual representation and also helps in understanding the facts much better.

By Market Players:
Elekta
IsoAid
Oncura/GE Healthcare
Theragenics
Team Best
Eckert & Ziegler
BARD
Varian

By Type
Brachytherapy Afterloaders
Brachytherapy Seeds

By Application
Prostate Cancer
Gynecological Cancer
Breast Cancer
Other

By Regions/Countries:
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico

East Asia
China
Japan
South Korea

Europe
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy

South Asia
India

Southeast Asia
Indonesia
Thailand
Singapore

Middle East
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
Iran

Africa
Nigeria
South Africa

Oceania
Australia

South America


Points Covered in The Report
The points that are discussed within the report are the major market players that are involved in the market such as market players, raw material suppliers, equipment suppliers, end users, traders, distributors and etc.
The complete profile of the companies is mentioned. And the capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, supply, future strategies, and the technological developments that they are making are also included within the report. This report analyzed 12 years data history and forecast.
The growth factors of the market is discussed in detail wherein the different end users of the market are explained in detail.
Data and information by market player, by region, by type, by application and etc, and custom research can be added according to specific requirements.
The report contains the SWOT analysis of the market. Finally, the report contains the conclusion part where the opinions of the industrial experts are included.

Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.

The report focuses on Global, Top 10 Regions and Top 50 Countries Market Size of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds 2015-2020, and development forecast 2021-2026 including industries, major players/suppliers worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the market including their market status and development trend by types and applications which will provide its price and profit status, and marketing status & market growth drivers and challenges, with base year as 2019.

Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2015-2020 & Sales by Product Types.
Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2021-2026. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its production, consumption, import & export, sales volume & revenue forecast.
Market Analysis by Product Type: The report covers majority Product Types in the Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Industry, including its product specifications by each key player, volume, sales by Volume and Value (M USD).
Market Analysis by Application Type: Based on the Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Industry and its applications, the market is further sub-segmented into several major Application of its industry. It provides you with the market size, CAGR & forecast by each industry applications.
Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force Analysis: The report will provide with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

COVID-19 Impact
Report covers Impact of Coronavirus COVID-19: Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost every country around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds market in 2020. The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor/outdoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.

1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Revenue
1.4 Market Analysis by Type
1.4.1 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2020 VS 2026
1.4.2 Brachytherapy Afterloaders
1.4.3 Brachytherapy Seeds
1.5 Market by Application
1.5.1 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Market Share by Application: 2021-2026
1.5.2 Prostate Cancer
1.5.3 Gynecological Cancer
1.5.4 Breast Cancer
1.5.5 Other
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
1.8 Overview of Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Market
1.8.1 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Market Status and Outlook (2015-2026)
1.8.2 North America
1.8.3 East Asia
1.8.4 Europe
1.8.5 South Asia
1.8.6 Southeast Asia
1.8.7 Middle East
1.8.8 Africa
1.8.9 Oceania
1.8.10 South America
1.8.11 Rest of the World
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.2 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.3 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.4 Manufacturers Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3 Sales by Region
3.1 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
3.2 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
3.3 North America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume
3.3.1 North America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.3.2 North America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.4 East Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume
3.4.1 East Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.4.2 East Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.5 Europe Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume (2015-2020)
3.5.1 Europe Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.5.2 Europe Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.6 South Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume (2015-2020)
3.6.1 South Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.6.2 South Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.7 Southeast Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume (2015-2020)
3.7.1 Southeast Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.7.2 Southeast Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.8 Middle East Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume (2015-2020)
3.8.1 Middle East Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.8.2 Middle East Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.9 Africa Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume (2015-2020)
3.9.1 Africa Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.9.2 Africa Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.10 Oceania Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume (2015-2020)
3.10.1 Oceania Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.10.2 Oceania Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.11 South America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume (2015-2020)
3.11.1 South America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.11.2 South America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.12 Rest of the World Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume (2015-2020)
3.12.1 Rest of the World Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.12.2 Rest of the World Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
4 North America
4.1 North America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
4.2 United States
4.3 Canada
4.4 Mexico
5 East Asia
5.1 East Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
5.2 China
5.3 Japan
5.4 South Korea
6 Europe
6.1 Europe Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
6.2 Germany
6.3 United Kingdom
6.4 France
6.5 Italy
6.6 Russia
6.7 Spain
6.8 Netherlands
6.9 Switzerland
6.10 Poland
7 South Asia
7.1 South Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
7.2 India
7.3 Pakistan
7.4 Bangladesh
8 Southeast Asia
8.1 Southeast Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
8.2 Indonesia
8.3 Thailand
8.4 Singapore
8.5 Malaysia
8.6 Philippines
8.7 Vietnam
8.8 Myanmar
9 Middle East
9.1 Middle East Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
9.2 Turkey
9.3 Saudi Arabia
9.4 Iran
9.5 United Arab Emirates
9.6 Israel
9.7 Iraq
9.8 Qatar
9.9 Kuwait
9.10 Oman
10 Africa
10.1 Africa Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
10.2 Nigeria
10.3 South Africa
10.4 Egypt
10.5 Algeria
10.6 Morocco
11 Oceania
11.1 Oceania Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
11.2 Australia
11.3 New Zealand
12 South America
12.1 South America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
12.2 Brazil
12.3 Argentina
12.4 Columbia
12.5 Chile
12.6 Venezuela
12.7 Peru
12.8 Puerto Rico
12.9 Ecuador
13 Rest of the World
13.1 Rest of the World Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption by Countries
13.2 Kazakhstan
14 Sales Volume, Sales Revenue, Sales Price Trend by Type
14.1 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Volume Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
14.2 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
14.3 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Sales Price by Type (2015-2020)
15 Consumption Analysis by Application
15.1 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption Volume by Application (2015-2020)
15.2 Global Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Consumption Value by Application (2015-2020)
16 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Business
16.1 Elekta
16.1.1 Elekta Company Profile
16.1.2 Elekta Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Product Specification
16.1.3 Elekta Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
16.2 IsoAid
16.2.1 IsoAid Company Profile
16.2.2 IsoAid Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Product Specification
16.2.3 IsoAid Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
16.3 Oncura/GE Healthcare
16.3.1 Oncura/GE Healthcare Company Profile
16.3.2 Oncura/GE Healthcare Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Product Specification
16.3.3 Oncura/GE Healthcare Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
16.4 Theragenics
16.4.1 Theragenics Company Profile
16.4.2 Theragenics Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Product Specification
16.4.3 Theragenics Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
16.5 Team Best
16.5.1 Team Best Company Profile
16.5.2 Team Best Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Product Specification
16.5.3 Team Best Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
16.6 Eckert & Ziegler
16.6.1 Eckert & Ziegler Company Profile
16.6.2 Eckert & Ziegler Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Product Specification
16.6.3 Eckert & Ziegler Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
16.7 BARD
16.7.1 BARD Company Profile
16.7.2 BARD Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Product Specification
16.7.3 BARD Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
16.8 Varian
16.8.1 Varian Company Profile
16.8.2 Varian Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Product Specification
16.8.3 Varian Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
17 Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Manufacturing Cost Analysis
17.1 Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Key Raw Materials Analysis
17.1.1 Key Raw Materials
17.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
17.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds
17.4 Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Industrial Chain Analysis
18 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
18.1 Marketing Channel
18.2 Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Distributors List
18.3 Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Customers
19 Market Dynamics
19.1 Market Trends
19.2 Opportunities and Drivers
19.3 Challenges
19.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
20 Production and Supply Forecast
20.1 Global Forecasted Production of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds (2021-2026)
20.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds (2021-2026)
20.3 Global Forecasted Price of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds (2015-2026)
20.4 Global Forecasted Production of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Region (2021-2026)
20.4.1 North America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.2 East Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.3 Europe Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.4 South Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.5 Southeast Asia Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.6 Middle East Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.7 Africa Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.8 Oceania Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.9 South America Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.4.10 Rest of the World Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
20.5 Forecast by Type and by Application (2021-2026)
20.5.1 Global Sales Volume, Sales Revenue and Sales Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
20.5.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Application (2021-2026)
21 Consumption and Demand Forecast
21.1 North America Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
21.2 East Asia Market Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
21.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Countriy
21.4 South Asia Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
21.5 Southeast Asia Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
21.6 Middle East Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
21.7 Africa Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
21.8 Oceania Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
21.9 South America Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
21.10 Rest of the world Forecasted Consumption of Brachytherapy Afterloaders, Brachytherapy Seeds by Country
22 Research Findings and Conclusion
23 Methodology and Data Source
23.1 Methodology/Research Approach
23.1.1 Research Programs/Design
23.1.2 Market Size Estimation
23.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
23.2 Data Source
23.2.1 Secondary Sources
23.2.2 Primary Sources
23.3 Disclaimer

2023-2028 Global and Regional Nuts and Seeds (Savory Snacks) Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Nuts and Seeds (Savory Snacks) market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market playe...

Global Fruit Seeds Market Report- Global Strategic Analysis, Size, Share, Trend, and Forecast (2023-2030)...

This report gives an insight into the global Fruit Seeds Market and predicts the future growth prospects and the trends that may exhibit in the market during the period of 2023-2030. The future growth has been calculated by taking into account the present growth rate and the overall market size. We...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Sorghum and Sorghum Seeds Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Sorghum and Sorghum Seeds market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Multi-flavored Sunflower Seeds Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Multi-flavored Sunflower Seeds market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market playe...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Dodder Seeds Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Dodder Seeds market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field e...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Dried Fruits, Nuts and Seeds Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Dried Fruits, Nuts and Seeds market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Hemp Seeds Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Hemp Seeds market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field eva...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Hulled Hemp Seeds Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Hulled Hemp Seeds market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this fi...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Lotus Seeds Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Lotus Seeds market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field ev...

2023-2028 Global and Regional Okra Seeds Industry Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report Standard Version...

The global Okra Seeds market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report. The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field eva...