The global Automotive Bicycle Carrier market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on HNY Research newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field evaluate their business approaches. Also, this report covers market segmentation by major market verdors, types, applications/end users and geography(North America, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South America).
By Market Verdors:
Thule Group
Uebler
Rhino-Rack
Yakima Products
CAR MATE
SARIS CYCLING GROUP
Hollywood Racks
Mont Blanc Group
Curt
Allen Sports
Swagman
Alpaca Carriers
Kuat
1UP USA
VDL Hapro
Atera GmbH
RockyMounts
Cruzber
By Types:
Rear & Hitch Bike Racks
Roof Mounted Bike Racks
Others
By Applications:
Online Sales
Offline Sales
Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2017-2028 & Sales with a thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors and comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of major market vendors.
Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2017-2028. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its sales, sales volume & revenue forecast. With detailed analysis by types and applications.
Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force Analysis: The report provides with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.
Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.
Chapter 1 Industry Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 Research Scope
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.5 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.5.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Consumption Volume
1.5.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Value
1.5.3 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Price Trends Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: Automotive Bicycle Carrier Industry Impact
Chapter 2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries
2.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier (Volume and Value) by Type
2.1.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.1.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier (Volume and Value) by Application
2.2.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.2.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.3 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis
3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
3.1.1 2017-2022 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
3.1.2 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
3.2.1 2017-2022 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
3.2.2 North America Market
3.2.3 East Asia Market
3.2.4 Europe Market
3.2.5 South Asia Market
3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
3.2.7 Middle East Market
3.2.8 Africa Market
3.2.9 Oceania Market
3.2.10 South America Market
3.2.11 Rest of the World Market
Chapter 4 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
4.2 North America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.3 East Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.4 Europe Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.5 South Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.6 Southeast Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.7 Middle East Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.8 Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.9 Oceania Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.10 South America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Chapter 5 North America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
5.1 North America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
5.1.1 North America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Under COVID-19
5.2 North America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
5.3 North America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
5.4 North America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Top Countries
5.4.1 United States Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.2 Canada Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.3 Mexico Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 6 East Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
6.1 East Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
6.1.1 East Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Under COVID-19
6.2 East Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
6.3 East Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
6.4 East Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Top Countries
6.4.1 China Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.2 Japan Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.3 South Korea Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 7 Europe Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
7.1 Europe Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
7.1.1 Europe Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Europe Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
7.3 Europe Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
7.4 Europe Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Top Countries
7.4.1 Germany Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.2 UK Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.3 France Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.4 Italy Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.5 Russia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.6 Spain Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.7 Netherlands Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.8 Switzerland Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.9 Poland Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 8 South Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
8.1 South Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
8.1.1 South Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Under COVID-19
8.2 South Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
8.3 South Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
8.4 South Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Top Countries
8.4.1 India Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.2 Pakistan Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.3 Bangladesh Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 9 Southeast Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
9.1 Southeast Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
9.1.1 Southeast Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Southeast Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
9.3 Southeast Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
9.4 Southeast Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Top Countries
9.4.1 Indonesia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.2 Thailand Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.3 Singapore Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.4 Malaysia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.5 Philippines Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.6 Vietnam Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.7 Myanmar Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 10 Middle East Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
10.1 Middle East Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
10.1.1 Middle East Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Middle East Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
10.3 Middle East Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
10.4 Middle East Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Top Countries
10.4.1 Turkey Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.3 Iran Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.4 United Arab Emirates Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.5 Israel Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.6 Iraq Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.7 Qatar Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.8 Kuwait Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.9 Oman Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 11 Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
11.1 Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
11.1.1 Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Under COVID-19
11.2 Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
11.3 Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
11.4 Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Top Countries
11.4.1 Nigeria Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.2 South Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.3 Egypt Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.4 Algeria Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.5 Morocco Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 12 Oceania Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
12.1 Oceania Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
12.2 Oceania Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
12.3 Oceania Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
12.4 Oceania Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption by Top Countries
12.4.1 Australia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
12.4.2 New Zealand Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 13 South America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Analysis
13.1 South America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption and Value Analysis
13.1.1 South America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Under COVID-19
13.2 South America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Types
13.3 South America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Structure by Application
13.4 South America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume by Major Countries
13.4.1 Brazil Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.2 Argentina Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.3 Columbia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.4 Chile Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.5 Venezuela Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.6 Peru Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.7 Puerto Rico Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.8 Ecuador Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Automotive Bicycle Carrier Business
14.1 Thule Group
14.1.1 Thule Group Company Profile
14.1.2 Thule Group Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.1.3 Thule Group Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.2 Uebler
14.2.1 Uebler Company Profile
14.2.2 Uebler Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.2.3 Uebler Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.3 Rhino-Rack
14.3.1 Rhino-Rack Company Profile
14.3.2 Rhino-Rack Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.3.3 Rhino-Rack Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.4 Yakima Products
14.4.1 Yakima Products Company Profile
14.4.2 Yakima Products Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.4.3 Yakima Products Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.5 CAR MATE
14.5.1 CAR MATE Company Profile
14.5.2 CAR MATE Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.5.3 CAR MATE Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.6 SARIS CYCLING GROUP
14.6.1 SARIS CYCLING GROUP Company Profile
14.6.2 SARIS CYCLING GROUP Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.6.3 SARIS CYCLING GROUP Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.7 Hollywood Racks
14.7.1 Hollywood Racks Company Profile
14.7.2 Hollywood Racks Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.7.3 Hollywood Racks Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.8 Mont Blanc Group
14.8.1 Mont Blanc Group Company Profile
14.8.2 Mont Blanc Group Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.8.3 Mont Blanc Group Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.9 Curt
14.9.1 Curt Company Profile
14.9.2 Curt Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.9.3 Curt Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.10 Allen Sports
14.10.1 Allen Sports Company Profile
14.10.2 Allen Sports Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.10.3 Allen Sports Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.11 Swagman
14.11.1 Swagman Company Profile
14.11.2 Swagman Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.11.3 Swagman Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.12 Alpaca Carriers
14.12.1 Alpaca Carriers Company Profile
14.12.2 Alpaca Carriers Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.12.3 Alpaca Carriers Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.13 Kuat
14.13.1 Kuat Company Profile
14.13.2 Kuat Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.13.3 Kuat Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.14 1UP USA
14.14.1 1UP USA Company Profile
14.14.2 1UP USA Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.14.3 1UP USA Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.15 VDL Hapro
14.15.1 VDL Hapro Company Profile
14.15.2 VDL Hapro Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.15.3 VDL Hapro Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.16 Atera GmbH
14.16.1 Atera GmbH Company Profile
14.16.2 Atera GmbH Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.16.3 Atera GmbH Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.17 RockyMounts
14.17.1 RockyMounts Company Profile
14.17.2 RockyMounts Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.17.3 RockyMounts Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.18 Cruzber
14.18.1 Cruzber Company Profile
14.18.2 Cruzber Automotive Bicycle Carrier Product Specification
14.18.3 Cruzber Automotive Bicycle Carrier Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Chapter 15 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
15.2.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.3 North America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.4 East Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.5 Europe Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.6 South Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.7 Southeast Asia Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.8 Middle East Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.9 Africa Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.10 Oceania Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.11 South America Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.3 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.1 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.2 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.3 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.4 Global Automotive Bicycle Carrier Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
15.5 Automotive Bicycle Carrier Market Forecast Under COVID-19
Chapter 16 Conclusions
Research Methodology
The Industry Supervision Big Data Service Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscap...
The Automotive After-sales Repair Service Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscap...
The Independent Automotive Aftermarket (IAM) Services Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competit...
The Automotive Powertrain Noise Cancellation Microphone Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, compet...
The Automotive and Transportation Calibration Services Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competi...
Market Overview
The Asia Pacific Vanadium Market is poised for substantial growth from 2024 to 2034, driven by increasing demand across various industries and technological advancements in vanadium production. The market is projected to reach USD XX.XX billion by 2034, growing at a comp...
Market Overview
The Europe Vanadium Market is poised for significant growth from 2024 to 2034, driven by increasing demand across diverse industries such as iron and steel production, energy storage, and chemicals. The market is expected to reach USD XX.XX billion by 2034, expanding at ...
Market Overview
The North America Vanadium Market is expected to experience substantial growth from 2024 to 2034, driven by increasing demand from various sectors such as iron and steel, energy storage, and chemicals. The market is projected to grow from USD XXX.XX million in 2024 to US...
Market Overview
The Global Vanadium Market is anticipated to witness robust growth from 2024 to 2034, driven by increasing demand from key industries such as steel manufacturing, chemical production, and energy storage. In 2024, the market is valued at USD XX.XX billion, with projection...
The Industry Standards Management System Market is set to witness immense growth during the forecast period 2024-2031. This intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market size, share, growth, opportunity, competitive landscape...